Friday, March 9, 2012

Learning Languages with Duolingo

I think we, as humans, take language for granted.  We spend our whole lives talking and writing and otherwise producing an endless string of words, but we do most of it on autopilot.  We treat it like a sterile, practical medium for ideas, without stopping to appreciate the beauty of the medium itself.

Isn't that crazy?  A simple analysis of language is an absolutely brilliant and wonderful thing: it makes fascinating questions in philosophy accessible to anyone with the ability to hear or speak.  What is the real relationship between sounds and the things they describe?  Why do we use the sounds we do?  How do these sounds actually get put together?  Spend a day thinking about these things, and you'll begin to see how language is possibly the single most interesting thing that humans have ever invented.

Of course the best thing about language is that there are so many of them.  With thousands in existence we have a vast number of possibilities to consider in our musings.  A tree may be a tree, but it's also een boom, un arbre, një pemë, and any number of delicious sound-concoctions.  And it's not just words: relationships and events can be symbolized in any number of ways, depending on which language you use.  Learning multiple languages can give insight into the nature of meaning itself; and I get chills just typing that!

Being fascinated by languages, but limited in my knowledge, I spend a great deal of time looking up etymologies, foreign words, and translations.  As rewarding as this is, it's also very time consuming and leads to a lot of retreading of familiar ground.  Much as I'd love perfect knowledge of every language, I can barely claim meaningful knowledge of two.  Quick recall of at least a basic body of words would help my linguistic explorations tremendously.

All of this is a painfully indirect way of introducing Duolingo, a website which promises to teach languages quickly through simple translation exercises.  It's currently still in beta, and I waited a long time to get invited in, but it's something I think most people should definitely get in line for.

I have two Duolingo accounts, each of which I use for slightly different purposes.  The first one is dedicated to Spanish, a language I studied in school for more than five years, whose basic grammar and vocabulary I am comfortable and familiar with.  The second is dedicated to German, a language I know only through generalizations.  These are the only languages presently available, but the sign-in page promises French, Italian, and Chinese very soon.  I initially believed that each account could learn only one language, but that is because I am a very silly person who doesn't read everything before he gets started on nifty projects.  You can learn as many as you want!  Hopefully they'll have more than five choices in the future, but considering the scale of work necessary, I'd call it an adequate start.

Spanish of course is a very useful language.  As a sometime classroom teacher in public schools, I often encounter students who come from a Spanish background.  Understanding their language is a clearly valuable skill.  The case isn't quite as strong for learning German, but that isn't really the point here.  Learning languages for their own sake is what draws me to Duolingo, but the site is also there for you if you only want something practical.  There's no reason that fun and useful can't be one and the same.

You progress through the system by completing a series of translations, incorporating text and spoken words. Vocabulary builds up slowly, and it's always possible to mouse over a word to find a list of possible meanings, so there's very little pressure to memorize.  Learning the words by heart is obviously the goal, but this happens through familiarization rather than cramming. 

Once you get pretty good at the canned exercises, you can try your hand at some real world examples from foreign language web sites.  Duolingo will hold your hand, offering literal translations of every word, but assembling them into a grammatical and natural English sentence can be tricky regardless.  User submissions are being used in the actual process of translating these sites, so there's a real tension here between sticking to the literal meaning (to conform with what is "correct" by consensus) and coming up with something a little more idiomatic.  Most of the users seem pretty on the ball with their efforts.  A few, however, could probably use a few more lessons in writing their first language.

Duolingo is, of course a fantastic way to learn a new language on the cheap and on your own schedule.  But all good learning requires discipline, and Duolingo's primary mode of discipline is the guilt trip, as delivered by their cleverly named mascot, Duo.


To quote the website: "Learning a language requires practice. Duo will cry if you don’t practice every day."  My guilt is steadily rising.

I think Duolingo is pretty damn awesome.  I'd like to see it grow, both in number of users and in number of languages.  It's not hard: it's actually very inviting to use.  It does require some level of commitment to actually get anywhere with it, but that goes without saying. 

Refreshing my Spanish skills has been mostly old hat; my greatest obstacle in that regard has been typos committed while answering too fast.  But learning German has been a very stimulating experience indeed.  I'm still on the basic vocabulary, but it's filled with cognates and morphological similarities to English, and learning them has answered some of my lingering questions about the relationship between the two.  I've also spent a lot of time repeating that das Mädchen isst einen Apfel, but you've got to crawl before you can walk.

So give Duolingo a try, everyone.  Revel in the joy of learning new words, and maybe think about English in ways you never have before.  It might not inspire as much curiosity in you as it does in me, but it is a fun and easy way to do something that's usually much harder.  That's got to be worth checking out.

Tuesday, March 6, 2012

The Prettiest Blog

Let's be honest, this isn't the prettiest blog.  I'm not going to pretend it is, or offer a conceit as to why, hypothetically, we might pretend it is, as though that could prove some larger point.  That would be a silly thing to do, and blogging is serious business.

But even so, wouldn't it be nice if it were?  Supposing I had the design sense to actually produce an appealing layout or color scheme or, God forbid, a logo?  Perhaps a more appealing default text, or a more readable flow might bring some joy to the proceedings.

Sadly, I'm not a visuals guy.  I'm more of a goofy words and sounds guy.  Strange noises get in my head, and after a fitful period of teasing and re-contextualization, they turn into blog words.  Blog words are a lot like regular words, except they echo endlessly into the meaningless void; regular words, being sounds (or physical symbols), generally drop out of existence in the lack of a physical medium.

See what I mean?  I do crazy stuff like that.

The point of all this is that my blog is not optimized for good looks.  But that doesn't mean that it couldn't be, or that I couldn't try harder.  In fact, lately I've been trying to do just that.  Months ago I made some archive pages for the top of the screen, for Essays, Reviews, Fiction and Poetry; just the other day, I finally finished putting all of the relevant items on those pages.  All it took was, like, two hours of work!  And most of that was dawdling and procrastination.  But it got done, and it helps bring the whole blog together.  Things like that just make the blog a little prettier.

And you know, there's other things I can do to make it prettier.  I could trim all of the links sections, move some templates around; hell, I could even have a guy who knows colors help me fix the visual stuff.  Because I do know a guy.  I know a couple.  And I'm sure they'd have opinions if I asked.

Oh, and also, more content.  That's kind of the whole point of all this, right?  The internet (or the Internet, as it pretentiously insists on being capitalized) hungers constantly for new content, and rewards us when it is fed.  The rewards are abstract and often of dubious value, but it's nice to feel needed.

This month will probably see a few more reviews, as there are some things I'd like to do some analysis on and spread my thoughts.  I've probably mentioned this before (I'm pretty sure I have), but writing reviews is hard.  If you like something, it's hard not to praise it to death.  If you hate it, well... genuine, juicy hatchet jobs don't always come easy to me.  And of course, the tendency toward abstraction is so overwhelming, you can end up writing sentences that only barely qualify as English.  The words are all there, but the meaning is not so very much.

I say "you" because I assume at least someone else has these difficulties, but I really mean "me."  You don't have to assume I was talking about you.  In any event, I want to get better at reviewing.  So I'm going to practice it a little bit on a couple of different things.  If I get really confident, I might try it on something I don't like!

Once I've gotten those reviews out of my system, I'll get back to generating really original content, like poetry and fiction.  That is the ostensible reason I do this, after all.  It's probably vanity and it might be a little weird, but above all else, I like the idea of having a written corpus associated with my name.  Organizing all of my work on those pages, I started realizing that I had actually produced a few things I'm genuinely proud of.  If I've got nothing else in this world, I can at least say I made some art, in my own way.  I put in a little thought and a little focus, and I made something a little good.  Maybe even a little pretty.

I think I'm mostly talking about Rabbit Bar.  What a cute little story that is!  I'm proud of that one, I don't care what anybody says.

Sunday, March 4, 2012

Chairlift - "Met Before" Interactive Music Video

First of all, thanks to my buddy Bau Kim for bringing this video to my attention.  He writes a music-sharing blog called Tastes Bad, and it's pretty good, so you should definitely read it if you want to know what's what and which in the indie music scene these days.

A bajillion years ago when this blog was new, I gave a little review of a neat interactive music video by a Spanish band called Labuat.  Being a lover of music and a lover of games, you can imagine that I think an interactive music video is just about the coolest thing ever. It's not really startlingly new or original anymore, and it may not even have been back in 2009, but I don't think it will ever stop being just about the best way to have fun with your speakers on.

Today's joyful bit of internet ephemera comes from an electropop group called Chairlift for a song called Met Before, with a video that is evidently about the multiple universe interpretation of quantum physics, as it applies to chasing after attractive people on a college campus.  Put the video in full screen, then use the arrow keys to pick a direction whenever the arrows appear on screen.

It took me three tries, but I managed to unite the heroine with a ruggedly handsome fellow who chases storms (or something) in the woods.  Other paths took me to the brink of a major breakthrough in neurological research, as well as a crazy psychedelic snowflake freakout in the sky.  That is to say, there are many interesting choices to be made.

Interactive videos make good music sound better, by forcing you to involve yourself in a way that's really just a step below playing the instruments yourself.  I'm not especially keen on electropop, and if you aren't necessarily down with warbly synthesizer madness you may find the music to be a little weird.  But a great melody is a great melody, no matter how you record it, and the use of synth in pop music has come a long way in the past few years.  I'd listen to this gladly, even if I didn't get to press buttons and direct the singer's world as I saw fit.

The choices you get to make are generally straightforward; they usually seem to be about moving toward or away from someone.  The results of those choices come in a remarkable variety of tones, but they always seem to hang together as a complete narrative.  That kind of attention to detail is a real joy; you never really feel dissatisfied with any of your decisions, even if curiosity compels you to go back to the beginning and find out what might have been.

Speaking of which, I just played it a fourth time, and wound up doing science with a cute girl and a swarm of bees.  You can't tell me that's not a good time.

Tuesday, February 14, 2012

St. Valentine's Day

Like many people, I never used to like this holiday.  Much like romance itself, Valentine's Day can be very cruel.  The holiday's purpose is to celebrate romantic love, which is indeed one of the best things in life.  Unfortunately, it is also turbulent and transitory.  People pass in and out of relationships all throughout the year, but Valentine's Day sticks a little heart-shaped pin on a particular day in February, as though the world of romance revolves around it.  Any time is nice to have a lover, but Valentine's Day is apparently when it really counts.

The result is our only major (secular) public holiday that categorically excludes certain people from participation, and it excludes them because they are lonely.  There's something kind of messed up about that.

But it just so happens that this year, I'm one of the lucky ones.  Yes, I'll actually be seeing someone for Valentine's Day this year! Instead of quietly bemoaning my solitude, I get to spend this singular, critical, all-important day growing closer to a girl who thinks I'm nearly as cool as I think she is.  Ordinarily I try to avoid writing sentences that convoluted, but right now my brain is too overwhelmed to rewrite it; I'm so overcome at my good fortune, I could just write "happy" over and over again and it would express my feelings about as well as anything I could ever thoughtfully compose.  In fact, I think I will do just that.

Happy happy happy happy happy happy happy happy happy happy happy happy happy happy happy happy happy happy happy happy happy happy happy happy happy.

That's about twenty five happies worth of happy.  I don't think it's enough.

Of course, Valentine's Day isn't really that singular, critical, or all-important.  Any day ought to be good enough for romance, and I know from long experience how annoying a ridiculous holiday devoted to the exaltation of significant others can be when you don't have one.  It is hard to be concerned with all of that, however, when you're as much awash in pleasant sensations as I am.  Valentine's Day can go on being ridiculous, because I intend to be quite ridiculous myself.  I do believe that's the whole point of it.  To all my lonely friends, believe me; this is pretty great.

Anyway, since I know she's been reading this blog, I'd like to say a few things to the person who's inspired me to write such a silly post.  In the time we've spent together, you've taught me more about the possibilities of human relationships than I could ever have imagined.  You've brightened my outlook on life, and made years of lessons on maturity make sense all at once.  Right now, I feel like the best person I've ever been.

Thank you, and happy Valentine's Day.

Friday, February 3, 2012

A Southern California Song

The sun sank slowly into the southwest, burnishing the smog and blinding motorists for miles around.  Ten lanes of ashy cement held them up in a sea of smoggy cars.  Ordinarily, they flowed in either direction as conditions permitted; today, however, one side was stagnant.  Millions of cars stood motionless on the southbound road, leaking fumes of rage and carbon monoxide.   It was getting late, and it was still unseasonably hot.  Two young people languished in a blue Honda Civic, idling in the afternoon stillness.  Particles of ash from the far distance wafted through the air.

“Hand me a water, will you?”

“They're right back there.”

Sighing, he turned back and reached his arm behind the passenger seat.  He struggled, one-handed, tearing into the plastic wrapping that kept the bottles packed tightly in their crate; the crate itself packed tightly between her seat and some stray baggage.  He managed, after a moment, to extract one, and he looked forward through the dirty windshield.  There was no change, no movement in the line of traffic.  He unscrewed the cap and drank the water, but it tasted bad: too warm, like plastic and dust.  Her cup holder was empty, so he placed the bottle there.

She looked at him wearily.  “Hey, how long since we've moved?”

“About an hour.  I think I see lights up ahead.”

“Lights?”

“Police lights.  Hell with it, I'm turning off the engine.”

“Great.  Great.”  She turned away, her eyes resisting the murky orange glare.  Her long, blonde hair gave some protection, casting feathery shadows across her cheeks.  She lay partially reclined, staring into the distance, away from him.  She looked tired, and angry.  She looked amazingly, incredibly beautiful.  She looked as though she were a million miles away.

“I don't want to waste gas just sitting here.  It's ridiculous, how much we have to pay for it down here.  I hate it.”  He watched her face intently, waiting for a reaction, or a hint of conversation.

“Whatever.”  Still angry. 

He looked down, afraid that she might catch him staring.  He didn't want to provoke her.  There was garbage on the floor, strewn casually through weeks of neglect.  The bottle was likely to end up there as well, but it was still half-full.  An ache throbbed in his leg, and he clutched at it, wishing he could stand.  Her legs were bare, in no apparent discomfort, and it was all he could do to look elsewhere.

The lights were coming steadily closer.  Shortly, he could see the source: the Highway Patrol, officers on patrol bikes, moving slowly toward them between the congested lanes, stopping to interview the idle motorists.  A drug bust?  Border patrol?  This wasn't how it was done.  Ash settled on the hood of the idle Civic, and the smell of twisted chaparral filtered in through the air conditioning. 

“The police are coming,” he said.  He rolled down the window, anticipating their arrival.  The smell was not pleasant.

“What do they want?”

“I don't really know.  Nothing, I hope.”  His fingers squeezed the wheel.  “I don't know, I'm a little nervous.”

“Why?  Is something wrong?”

“I don't think so.  I mean, we aren't doing anything wrong.”

She closed her eyes, murmuring, “then there's nothing to worry about.”

“Yeah.”  Nothing to worry about, except perhaps the effects of his persistent fantasy of persecution.  “I just hate having to justify myself to the authorities.”

“Justify what?  You don't have anything to justify.”

“I guess.  But sometimes I worry that I will, and if I can't do it, they'll take everything away.”  He looked at her face, hoping for sympathy.  Pity would do in a pinch. 

“That's silly,” she said.  “They can't take anything away just like that.”

“Maybe you're right.”

The CHP officer loomed unannounced, rolling slowly past the stately Dodge Ram that held the forward ground.  The young man smiled as the cop approached, but he didn't smile back, absorbed as he was with the paper on his clipboard.  Despite having recited its contents to the occupants of many sports cars, trucks and SUVs, he clung tenaciously to the printed words.  With nary a greeting, the officer (whose name was Snerk) launched into the official communication.

“Sir, ma'am,” he began in his flabby monotone, “I'm here to inform you, that, this section of the freeway is, closed, indefinitely.  Although you are, currently, in no danger, an orderly evacuation of the area is, currently, being conducted.  Please, remain in your vehicle, until, evacuation crews come to assist you.”

“Where are we evacuating to?” the young woman asked.  “There's nothing out here but shrubs and dirt.  Where are we going?”

The officer clutched his paper, annoyed by the latest deviation from the approved script.  “Arrangements are being made.  Please, just wait for the evacuation crews.”

The young man felt uncomfortably small beneath the imposing officer.  “Why exactly are we being moved?  Is everything alright?” 

“There was an accident about two miles up the road, a couple of trucks got knocked over.  There's some chemicals on the road, it's not safe to drive through.”

“Is anyone hurt?”

“Believe me, you're safe for the time being.  Just stay in your car, please.”

“Well, do you know how long we'll have to wait?”

“About, a few hours.  Four, I think.”

The couple were understandably incredulous.  “Why on Earth would it take that long!?”

“I'm sorry, ma'am.  Please, just wait in your car.”  Without another word, the officer was rolling forward, clipboard in hand, to inform the occupants of a shiny new Silverado.

Demanding, she turned to the young man, her eyes in a wild panic.  “How could it take four hours?  How could it possibly take four hours?”

“I don't know.  Maybe they're short handed.  They've got all those people dealing with the fires in East County.”  The intensity of the question was a little too much; he turned his head out the window for a moment, watching as Snerk delivered his report to the man in the truck.

“I think they've got their B squad out for this one.”

“B squad?  What do you mean?”

“He didn't seem very smart, is all.  Like he was just talking, didn't really know what he was saying.”

“Oh, I don't think so.  I think he knew exactly what he's saying.  What a dick.”

What a dick.  He looked out the window again, but Snerk had moved on.  He couldn't see him anymore; only Rams and Silverados, their headlights flipping on at odd intervals.  Why headlights?  No one was getting anywhere soon.  It was getting dark, though.  Maybe they just wanted to see the ocean, or the clouds, or the grey bushes on the darkening hills.  But definitely not the cars.

The sky got darker, fast.  The sun was coming down, and the flakes of ash moved to settle on the ground without the hazy beams of light to keep them aloft.  It got a little cooler; he could tell she was uncomfortable.  He could always tell, because she would grab her arms just a certain way, and her eyes would be cast down in some corner where no one could see them.  Sometimes she got goosebumps, and tonight she had those as well.  The two of them sat silently for a while, as the young woman looked this way and that; the windshield, the dashboard, the waves breaking on the beach.  From his seat, the young man couldn't quite see them.  But he saw the way her shoulders would shiver, and he couldn't concentrate on anything else.

“Are you cold?  I can turn on the heater.”

“No, don't do that.  It'll waste gas.”  She wouldn't look at him at first.

“OK.  Well, we'll probably be here a little while more.  We should get some rest.”

“I think I'm too cold to sleep.  I don't think I want to sleep, anyway.  I just want to go home.”

“I know what you mean.”  But he didn't really know.  He heard the words she softly spoke; he imagined that he could hear a hint of tears in them.  He understood those words, but it was as though they fell apart in the air.  She could be speaking in a foreign tongue, and he wouldn't have felt any more isolated from her thoughts.  He didn't know what she meant.

All he knew was sadness and frustration; he could see them in her face.

“We've got blankets on the back seat, I could get you one?”

“I guess.”  She looked exhausted.

“If you're tired, we could probably get some sleep back there?  There's a lot more room.”

“There's no room for two people.”  She was in no mood for this.

“No, I, I guess not.  Let me get you a blanket.”  He reached back and grabbed two, handing one off to her as she reclined her seat further back.  She took it, and wrapped it tightly around herself like a fuzzy red cocoon.  Only her face and her hair were uncovered, but she didn't look warm.  He felt guilty, for making her suffer by sitting so long in such a miserably cramped, cold little car. 

“Listen, babe.  I'm sorry.  I'm sorry we came out here.”

“It's fine.  It's not your fault.”  She hid her eyes under her bangs, looking at nothing.  If she could wish herself anywhere, she'd have been gone somewhere else; anywhere she wouldn't have to look at him.

“I know, but I'm sorry.  I hate it out here.”

“It's fine.”

“I was just so happy to get the chance to do this with you.  I've missed seeing you.  I think about you all, well, I just wish I saw you more.  I want to make you happy.”

“It's alright,” she said.  “I'm happy.  You don't need to do anything.”

“I'm sorry.”  He looked pleadingly, hoping to catch her eyes, but she turned her face away.  She looked vaguely out the window, perhaps at the muddy beach.  It was difficult to see now; the stars were not shining through.

“Are you warm enough?”

“I'll be OK.”

“It just seems weird that it should be so cold in here.  Like we'd be warmer if we went outside.  It's too bad we have to stay in here.”

“Yeah, it's too bad.”

“I'm just, I don't know.  I don't know.  I feel pretty, horrible I guess.”  He looked at her, and she was so far away, but under the red blanket he discerned the slender shape of her shoulder.  He hadn't dared to touch her, not since fifteen miles and so many endless minutes back, but in spite of himself, he reached out now.  He slowly, gently touched her shoulder; she didn't move.  She didn't acknowledge.  “I love you, babe.”

She turned back, slowly, to face him; his hand snapped back and he was momentarily unbalanced.  Her face looked sad, and her bright blue eyes were gently shaking.  She looked at him, and then down again; somehow, he found the nerve to take her hand, and touch her fingers softly.  She looked at him again, and smiled slightly.  Somehow, he smiled back.

“It's OK,” she said.  “Everything will be OK.”

The young man answered in silence, having run out of words to say.  His sentiments choked in the heavy air, and his hands hung low.  At last he covered his eyes with lazy fingers and smiled, wry and unhappily.  “Yeah, I guess so.”  His heart was so twisted inside, he worried it might pop out.

She glanced back to the rear of the car, shadows crossing her face.  “I think I'm going to try sleeping in the back.  This seat isn't very comfortable.”

“Yeah, OK, sure.  I'll wake you up when it's time to go.”  And he watched, blankly, as she climbed back between the seats.  He watched as her arms, her legs, and all the soft fabric slid gracefully past him.  He made sure to look away when she was all settled in, wrapped in the relative warmth of her cocoon.

In a few minutes she'd fallen asleep; he thought he could tell by her breathing.  He had no such luck in drifting away.  The hood of the Civic was dusted with ash, and he could swear he saw the hint of an orange glow behind the hills.  The sound of helicopters?  Perhaps not.  The smell drifted in somehow, and it wasn't pleasant; it made him feel parched.  The sound of her breath was unsettling.  Uncomfortably, he adjusted himself in the seat.  Nothing helped.

It was night, and many other people were sleeping.  He looked out the window for something beautiful.  Out over the sea, into the sky, he searched for the hint of a star.  In silence he remembered things, trivialities he'd forgotten for longer than intended, and he remembered her.  The way she laughed at every little thing.  The way she asked the oddest, most interesting questions.  The way she looked for adventures like they were the most ordinary things.  The way her long, brown hair looked different from everyone else's.  He could hardly believe that he'd almost forgotten that.

Many minutes passed, and lights flickered between the lanes again, blue and red and white.  They were a long way off, but he thought he could see doors opening, and tired drivers clumsily falling out of them.  He turned back over his shoulder, and saw that she really was asleep.  He couldn't bear to look.  The lights advanced slowly and he waited for them, quietly.  He looked for his keys; did he need them?  Or was he supposed to leave them there?  When would he get the car back?  The lights came closer, and there were more policemen, thinner than the ones before. 

“Baby?  Hey, babe,” he said, as loud as he could manage.  “I think it's time to go.  We have to get ready, they're almost here.”  If it weren't for her breathing, he couldn't have told whether she was awake or not.  She didn't move, she didn't say a word.  “Baby?”

She restlessly tossed under the red blanket.  “I don't really want to go.”

“I know,” he said.  “I don't either.  But we've gotta go.  They're coming.”  He closed his eyes to block out all the lights.  They were coming, and soon they'd take them all away.

Saturday, January 7, 2012

Reelecting Obama: The Right Thing to Do

America, it's 2012 now.  Apocalyptic nonsense aside, it's time we talked about something important.  There's a presidential election this year, and we as a people have a distressing tendency to act ridiculous whenever we get around to electing people.  We don't think straight.  We respond to outrageous fabrications as though they were truth.  We treat the truth as though it were merely a speculative hypothesis.  We watch a lot of cable news.  None of those things are healthy for our democracy.

This year, barring negative developments I choose not to speculate upon, I will be voting to reelect Barack Obama.  This should come as no surprise, since I am a liberal who believes in liberal things like equality and social justice.  It is a decision, however, that requires some explanation, given the times in which we live.  I have a rather long and thorough explanation which I would like to offer here, in the hopes that others will read it, and possibly come around to my way of seeing things.

The Problems with Obama

I'll start with the two biggest points against him. The obvious one is the state of the economy, which is pretty sad.  I've heard rumblings about recovery and it's also true that we are technically no longer in the recession that began in 2008, at the end of the Bush administration.  However, right now the economy still sucks, with an official unemployment rate of 8.5%, and it's not transparently obvious that it will get much better before November.  The Obama administration has plans and policies designed to improve the economy and generate new jobs for Americans, but in the face of Republican opposition, few of them have been enacted in robust ways.

Republicans, of course, don't believe those policies would work anyway.  Mainstream economists generally accept the Keynesian idea that government spending can stimulate the economy in a recession, though given the nature of economic theory it's not too difficult to find an economist who will endorse any theory you can imagine.  But even granting that his policies would work if fully realized, Obama's failure to fully realize them is a severe mark against the effectiveness of his Presidency.  Yes, yes, the Republicans are being obstructive, but one can't help thinking that more could have been done.

As things are now, the economy is in fact recovering.  It isn't the strong recovery we hoped for or were promised, but it is recovering; in light of all the obstruction from Congress, that's something to be very optimistic about.  Obama's famed stimulus package may not have been enough to prevent recession or high unemployment at the time, but the numbers show that, contrary to portrayals of him as a "job killer," 2011 has seen a considerable drop in unemployment.

The second big point is, in my opinion, much more serious.  In fact, of all Obama's negative attributes, it comes closest to being a deal breaker.  It concerns that broad circle of domestic and foreign policy generally known as "The War on Terror."  Frankly, Obama's conduction of it has been difficult to distinguish from that of George W. Bush.  It is true that troops are coming home from Iraq, and that they are scheduled to do the same from Afghanistan, but our military involvement with those countries is not likely to end completely in the foreseeable future.  In the meantime, we've become meddlers in more countries than I can name, and we're closer than ever to a new war in Iran.  Guantánamo Bay, as I understand things, was supposed to be closed by January of 2010.  It remains open, with all of its "enhanced interrogation techniques" and its lack of any meaningful judicial oversight.

Having come of age in the midst of the era of Bush, being duly horrified by his authorization of torture, warrant-less surveillance, and other crimes against individual rights and the good name of America, I am gravely disappointed that Obama has changed virtually nothing of that system.  Were I any less disciplined, I'd be tempted to withhold my vote on these grounds.  However, there is another uncomfortable, sobering truth that transcends the question of one candidate or another.  Although many people would like to see this system end, there is a complete lack of will among the political class to do it.  If a self-professed liberal won't end it, then I'm at my wit's end.

Credit where credit is due: the Iraq war is essentially over, and Osama bin Laden was killed in a well-planned and well-executed operation.  In addition, several cuts in the military budget are now being planned that will end our capacity to fight two simultaneous ground wars for any extended length of time, restraining us from the kind of overzealous foreign policy pursued by the Bushes.  But the expansion of the power to detain citizens, in defiance of the Bill of Rights, is still a massive problem.  Many forces in Congress, the military, and the private sector have pushed for this expansion, but the President has the choice to accept or reject it.  Thus far, he has not rejected that power.

There are other reasons one might choose not to vote for Obama.  However, it's worth remembering a few things for sanity's sake.  Obama was not born in Kenya, or Indonesia, or the moon, or the USSR; he was born in Hawai'i, which is a U.S. state on an equal constitutional basis with states like Iowa or Pennsylvania, or even Texas.  Obama is not a socialist; it's my understanding that many of America's real socialists have their doubts as to whether he's even a liberal.  Obama is not a crypto-Muslim or any other sort of subversive or sleeper-agent, planted to undermine our cherished values and deliver us into the hands of our enemies.  That's only a ridiculous paranoid fantasy, and if it were true he certainly would have done something really nefarious by now.  If you plan to vote against Obama, and your rationale for doing so includes any of the allegations in this paragraph, I suggest you go back and check your work.

The Case For the Reelection of Obama

Now, I'd like to get into some real, positive reasons to vote for Obama.  In three years, his administration has in fact achieved several laudable, progressive achievements.  These will only seem like achievements if you are sympathetic to their goals; many anti-government conservatives these days see any type of government action as tyranny, and there's just no convincing those people.  For the rest of us, it's worth remembering what Obama has done, and what Republicans have threatened to roll back if they regain the presidency.

First of all, Obama and the 111th Congress (that's the one that served from 2009-2011 and was controlled by Democrats) passed the Affordable Care Act, which made several improvements to the health care system in the United States.  Its provisions increase access to insurance for over thirty million people, and disallows some of the insurance industry's most loathsome practices, like denying coverage for preexisting conditions.  It also reduces the deficit, contrary to bold-faced attempts by Republicans to depict it as a budget buster.  It isn't the Canadian-style single payer system progressives have dreamed of, but it will improve many people's lives, and an improvement is better than stagnation.  The Republicans contributed nothing to the health care reform, except to take ideas they had once espoused (the so-called individual mandate chief among them) and brand them as communist plots.  Healthcare reform is in serious trouble if Republicans take back the White House.

Obama and the 111th also created the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau as part of an attempt at financial reform.  The recession and the financial crisis were caused by failures in the private sector: Wall Street entities, emboldened to seek maximum profits in environments with few to no effective rules or regulations, embarked on elaborate schemes that collapsed when all of the bubbles burst. They invested billions in risky schemes, confident that they would be bailed out if things went sour.  They were, at a tremendous cost to taxpayers; now they wish to resume those same risky behaviors.

The CFPB was created to regulate banks, securities firms, and other institutions which generate profit by handling other people's money.  It exists to ensure that they handle it wisely and without unnecessary risks, and that they do not engage in punitive or fraudulent practices against their customers.  Republicans, for their part, have attempted to stall the bureau and prevent a director from taking office.  With a director finally in place (thanks to a convenient recess appointment), the CFPB now has a chance to put the brakes on some of Wall Street's worst habits.  Republicans, however, continue to maintain that financial institutions are the "job creators" and saviors of our economy, and are determined to undo these reforms.

In the field of civil rights, Obama's administration has done many good things.  The first bill Obama signed as President, in fact, was a civil rights law, the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, which made it easier for women to sue when paid discriminatory wages.  Most notably, Obama oversaw the repeal of Don't Ask Don't Tell, a policy which had preserved the principle of discrimination against homosexuals in our military.  His Justice Department has also dropped the legal defense of the Defense of Marriage Act, a law which prohibits federal recognition of homosexual marriages in any state.  Republicans have opposed all of these measures, particularly those related to gay rights.  They instead continue to feed on the resentment of conservatives, who see every step toward equality as an imposition of "special rights."  As Secretary of state Hilary Clinton recently made clear, the idea of "special rights" is totally bunk: this is an issue of human rights.

One issue on which Obama is frequently misrepresented is taxation.  There is a stereotype that Republicans apply to Democrats automatically and without exception, that they always raise taxes.  This lie is so pervasive that many otherwise rational people actually believe Obama has raised taxes on them.  As a matter of fact, Obama cut taxes for middle class families, though the effort was eventually undone by the Republicans in Congress. His only effort to raise income taxes has been aimed at the wealthiest members of our society, who benefited from a massive tax cut under George W. Bush.  The effect of the Bush cut, which conservatives at the time argued would increase revenue (somehow), was to become the single largest component of the present budget deficit.  Obama has called for the cuts on only the wealthiest earners to expire, preserving the cuts for average earners.  Republicans call this "class warfare."

Obama has been criticized for not being liberal or progressive enough, or not pursuing his goals with enough energy and leadership.  Some liberals have expressed a lack of enthusiasm or desire to see him reelected.  This is ludicrous thinking.  Someone who truly believes in equality and reform should not vote for a candidate who has vowed to preserve inequality and roll back reform, and neither should they allow such a candidate to come to power by withholding their vote in protest.  Obama might fairly be said to have not done enough, but he has pursued liberal policy on these and many other issues, and it is conceivable that liberal activism could spur greater achievements in a second term.  Under a Republican administration, those reforms would certainly be smothered.

The Republicans

With the economy struggling and Obama's approval numbers unsteady, there is a considerable chance that one of the Republicans running this year will be our new President in January of 2013.  I'd rather not get hyperbolic in forecasting doom, but a Republican victory would be a very negative development for this country.

The biggest problem we face as a nation is money.  Specifically, those with money are the ones who control this nation.  They can make unlimited contributions to political campaigns, and the politicians they help to elect can enact laws that tilt the table even further in their favor.  Thanks in part to Supreme Court decisions such as Citizens United, corporations enjoy ridiculous privileges as legal "persons" that prevent firm attempts at regulation.  They subvert our democratic system with loud voices and large pockets.

Both parties are, to a disgusting extent, in thrall to this system.  Even Obama has been unduly influenced by men in suits who made their fortunes on Wall Street.  It's likely that the tension between democracy and corporate interests is a perennial problem that will never fully be resolved.  That is not, however, an argument to accept the primacy of corporate interests simply because of the power they hold.  We should resist corporations, rather than coddling them: if they're too big to fail, they're more than big enough to take care of themselves.

In all likelihood, Mitt Romney will be the nominee for the Republicans this year.  Aside from being governor of Massachusetts, he has been a businessman and a CEO, and today he is backed by staggering amounts of corporate cash.  He has argued that America's problems stem from not being friendly enough toward the interests of large-scale businessmen, even though America has been quite friendly to them indeed.  A vote for him is an endorsement of that state of affairs.

A vote for Obama, on the other hand, represents the hope of further reforms and an opportunity for continuing struggle against moneyed interests.  Obama isn't perfect; nobody is.  But that opportunity will not exist with Mitt Romney, or just about any other Republican, in the White House.

Sunday, January 1, 2012

So this is the New Year...

Frankly, it doesn't look all that different.  I'm sure the differences will become apparent after a few months of wear and tear.

Greetings, Universe, and welcome to a new year.  The concept of a "year" may not mean much to you (you being the Universe and all), so allow me to explain.  A year is a period of time characterized by the revolution of the planet Earth around the sun; it takes about 365.25 days.  We usually round that down, then add an extra day every four years or so to keep things nice and even.  That day usually gets stuck at the end of February, presumably where it's least likely to get into trouble.

If you're like me, you probably think it's a little odd that the year ends and begins when it does, on the division between  December and January.  Anyone with basic knowledge of Latin can see that the last four months of the year (September, October, November, December) don't so much have names as numbers (seven, eight, nine and ten).  But with twelve months total, it would appear that somebody messed up the count a while back.  If there are twelve months, and December is the tenth, then it makes more sense for the year to begin around March.  Funny thing about that...

Back in the days of Ancient Rome, before the Empire (or even the Republic, for that matter), there actually were ten months on the official calendar: Martius, Aprilis, Maius, Iunius, Quintilis, Sextilis, September, October, November, and December.  The first four are named after various deities, and months five and six would eventually be named after Julius and Augustus Caesar, but it's clear that the Romans were not especially creative when it came to naming months.

Altogether these months only made for about 295 days, leaving about seventy days in winter that were not assigned to any month.  The King of Rome, recognizing that this was silly, added two more months: Ianuarius (after another god) and Februarius, from a word meaning "purification."  It might have made more sense to add them to the end of the year, but instead they were placed in the beginning, thus ruining the official count forever.

The point is this, Universe: like most things we do, the naming of months and the counting of years essentially make zero sense, while simultaneously being perfectly reasonable if you're willing to submerse yourself in arcane trivia, or at least learn a dead language.  It's that little touch of insanity, we hope, that makes us special, and makes each new year worth looking forward to.